In a large population of bacteria, there may be some that are not affected by an antibiotic. Taking antibiotics also affects your useful bacteria, not just the ones causing an infection. Bacteria can develop resistance to these antimicrobial agents through the process of natural selection. Jan 28, 2016 discover natural selection as a mechanism of evolution with the amoeba sisters. Rise of the superbugs activity at a glance purpose. Explain why standing trait variation, heritability, and a link to reproductive success are necessary for evolution by natural selection within a population. On cdcs website, antibiotic resistance is also referred to as antimicrobial resistance or drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. Of course, our lab manual already has an activity that addresses antibiotic resistance. I can explain how antibiotic resistance might be helping the spread of disease. To demonstrate germ transmission with an uncovered sneeze. However, even back then, fleming knew that bacteria could become resistant to penicillin. In addition, on the following inclass quiz, students had to complete a concept frame that aligned two independent examples of evolution by natural selection one of which was the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and asked students to explain how each of five fundamental principles applied in each case.
Antibiotic resistance does not mean the body is becoming resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance and natural selection in education. This video also uncovers the relationship of natural selection and antibiotic resistance. The problem with antibacterial products and the simplicity of natural selection. That means the germs are not killed and continue to grow. Antibiotic resistance management evolution, medicine, and. Some microorganisms cause diseases and antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents have been developed to fight these diseases. Students will use their understanding of the immune system, bacteria, and natural selection to test antibiotic resistance. The students should have an introductory understanding of evolution by natural selection before beginning this unit. Antibiotic resistance means that the bacteria have gained the ability to resist the effects of the drug that used to kill them. Answers will vary, but strong responses should reflect a solid conceptual understanding that organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce. Modeling the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial. Antibiotic resistance natural selection and selective.
Optional day 2 classroom activity modeling of megaplate with bacterial invasion. Within the bacterial population are least resistant, resist. In addition, on the following inclass quiz, students had to complete a concept frame that aligned two independent examples of evolution by natural selection one of which was the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and asked students to explain how each of. Fighting this threat is a public health priority that requires a collaborative global approach across sectors. Antibiotic resistance is then placed in a public health.
Using an antibiotic disk diffusion assay, students compare the antibiotic resistance level of a harmless e. Genetic drift and natural selection introduction a population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical are that interbreeds freely. The more often a person takes antibiotics, the more likely they are to develop antibiotic resistant bacteria in their body. Natural selection teaching resources the science teacher. Therefore, problem of antibiotic resistance ar is an everincreasing menace to mankind petri, 2011. Biology natural selection of antibiotic resistance lab if you have taken antibiotics lately, you probably have seen the label on the bottle that you must follow the directions completely and take the medicine until it is gone. I understand how antibiotic resistant bacteria multiply and why they are a problem. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can be carried by healthy or ill people and can be passed on silently to others. Natural selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Millions of harmless bacteria naturally live on and inside of your body. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic resistance middle school sample classroom assessment introduction adaptation by natural selection acts over generations to change the characteristics of a population, particularly in response to new environmental conditions. Antibiotic resistance genes args constitute emerging environmental pollutants and pose risks to public health. Once such a gene is generated, bacteria can then transfer the genetic information in a horizontal fashion between individuals by plasmid exchange. The students are challenged with a very topical and relevant problem.
Antibiotic resistance happens when the germs no longer respond to the antibiotics designed to kill them. Nova sciencenow teachers classroom activity killer. Students also consider the development of antibiotic resistance through natural selection. Before the bacterium can divide, it needs to make two identical copies. By the end of the case study each team will have moved the needle forward on antibiotic resistance as it relates to public health. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic. This high school biology resource is a great addition to a natural selection unit when illustrating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Module on evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria acrobat pdf 571kb mar26 10. The antibiotic action is an environmental pressure. Also, students responses should indicate that natural selection favors bacteria that are.
Evolution of antibiotic resistance this unit is actually more of a miniunit, embedded within a larger unit on evolution, or more specifically, microevolution. Thus intrinsic resistance is considered to be a natural and inherited property with high predictability. Pdf experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Students use the biological levels of modeling worksheet as an organization tool to predict lab results. The drug resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin. They read about a patient who has become infected with penicillinresistant bacteria and advise the doctor on what to do next. Students will be able to explain natural selection how certain individuals survived and passed on their genetic information. Discover natural selection as a mechanism of evolution with the amoeba sisters. Antimicrobials, antibiotic resistance, antibiofilm. Evolution by natural selection bacterial resistance introduction. The term antibiotic resistance ar or abr is a subset of amr, as it applies only to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics. Science activities become contextualized when they are meaningful and relevant to students i. Mar, 2020 antibiotic resistance does not mean the body is becoming resistant to antibiotics.
Digital comprehensive summaries of uppsala dissertations from the faculty of medicine 1150. Teacher activity resource sheet high school biologyhealth curriculum viruses, bacteria and antibiotic resistance fast activities to do during the lesson. We identified an important interplay between the level of resistance, relative fitness and selection of fitnesscompensatory mutations among the most common resistant isolates. Describe how antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations demonstrates natural selection.
Students may benefit from differentiated topics that relate to herbicide resistance in plants, insecticide resistance in insects, or fungicide resistance in fungi. Then, students compare their lab data to the models, which together illustrate the roles that initial genetic variation and random mutation play in the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Several factors such as natural selection, mutations in genes, the presence of efflux pumps, impermeability of the cell wall, structural changes in enzymes and receptors, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing cause microorganisms to develop resistance against. Put a small amount of water into a balloon a few drops is all you need. Recent work indicates that the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the weaponshield role they play in clinical settings. For more information about how you can help oregon aware spread the word about antibiotic resistance call 9716731111. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural. There is incontrovertible evidence for this example of natural. When a population of bacteria becomes resistant to an antibacterial chemical, a new chemical needs to be created. It does not mean our body is resistant to antibiotics. Natural antibiotic resistancenatural antibiotic resistance mutations allowinggg for bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics already exists in the bacterial population. Evolution and antibiotic resistance when people go to the doctors office, they expect to be cured. The antibiotic resistance crisis pubmed central pmc.
Evidence for coselection of antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance questions and answers antibiotic use. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic resistance middle. Answers will vary, but strong responses should reflect a solid. Use any phenomenon that would engage specific learners. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat to modern medicine. Later, student teams choose a solution to antibiotic resistance to research further. Superbugs that resist antibiotics can evolve in 11 days. Development of antibiotic resistant bacteria, by natural selection, is relatively simple few.
Mutations can result in antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Mutations and selection antibiotic resistance react. Dec 20, 2017 of course, our lab manual already has an activity that addresses antibiotic resistance. Activity sheets of natural selection evolution bbsrc. Experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Students use their understanding of natural selection to explain antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance amr or ar is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe. Antibiotic resistance, natural selection, and modeling in this design case, we describe our work to design and develop a socio.
Bacteria and fungi are constantly finding new ways to avoid the effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause. They read about a patient who has become infected with penicillinresistant bacteria. Ninth grade lesson antibiotic resistance betterlesson. Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally via natural selection through random mutation, but it could also be engineered by applying an evolutionary stress on a population.
Investigating natural selection lesson plan subjects natural selection grade level middle high school duration 60 min rationale this inquirybased learning activity on natural selection will help students establish a basic understanding of natural selection. Biology natural selection of antibiotic resistance lab. Activity summary students model how horizontal gene transfer e. Antibiotic resistance management evolution, medicine.
Cartoon characters appear courtesy of the wisconsin antibiotic resistance network warn. Toxic metals are known to select for metalresistant bacteria in metalcontaminated soils, but there is growing concern that metal contaminants can also act as coselective agents thereby causing environmental proliferation of antibiotic resistance. More information can be found on our examination links webpage. Adaptation by natural selection acting over generations is one important process by which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection.
This unit uses the development of resistance to antimicrobials as an example of natural selection. At present, the understanding of various drivers of antibiotic resistance is the key to addressing this global concern. This video also uncovers the relationship of natural selection and antibiotic resistance in bacteria and emphasizes. This lesson addresses next generation science standards ngss.
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance and bacterial evolution bitescis. Students calculate the frequencies of traits, and use graphs and scatterplots to describe and interpret the changes in those frequencies. The primary reason for the increase in antibiotic resistance is evolution. This video describes how widespread use of antibiotics in medicine, agriculture, and household products can lead to the evolution of microbes that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Plan to explicitly teach the vocabulary associated with the lesson at the appropriate times within the lesson. Pdf rational use of antibiotic is the key approach to improve the antibiotic performance and tackling of the antimicrobial resistance. The lab uses three colors of jellybeans to represent a species of streptococcus with genetic variation. The occurrence of resistance in microbes is a natural process figure 1. To prevent bacterial adherence, invasion and infection, antimicrobials such as antibiotics are being used and vastly researched nowdays. Resistant bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and can increase in numbers by natural selection.
At the completion of this activity, the students will be able to do the following. In this lab, you will learn about the concept of natural. The primary reason for the development of antibiotic resistance is mutation with natural selection. In singlespecies experiments selection for antibiotic resistance occurs at very low antibiotic. Once the identity of the organism is known, the aspects of its antimicrobial resistance are also recognized. Analyze and interpret the data to refine your model and explanation constructed for the cause of the. Gcse questions on the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic resistance spreads between different bacteria within our body. Selection for antimicrobial resistance is reduced when. They dont like to be told, go home, drink lots of fluids and rest, and you will. Distinguish between evolution and natural selection. Antibiotic resistance has the potential to affect people at any stage of life, as well as the healthcare, veterinary, and agriculture industries, making it one of the worlds most urgent public health problems. Students follow the story of a teen who develops an infection related to injuries. Evolutionary perspectives one way the evolution of antibiotic resistance can be slowed is by minimizing the strength of natural selection for resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance management is an attempt to slow the spread of resistance by the judicious use of antibiotics, an important aim of antibiotic stewardship programs.
Natural selection handson activities for key stage 2 professor dave cavanagh, dr nikki pickup and laura cavanagh, institute for animal health 1 very quick natural selection. It would be difficult to assess whether the drugsusceptible or drugresistant phenotype in a population of mycobacterium tuberculosis was more fit in an environment without antibiotics. These two pages will introduce the concepts of asexual reproduction, mutations, and the natural selection which all contribute to the development of resistance in bacterias to. Carry out investigations the antibiotic resistance exploration activity to obtain data for evidence. While mutational target site resistance is precluded, it is possible that resistance has developed in competitor soil bacteria, for example by enzymatic. Explain how antibiotics affect the evolution of microorganisms. Controlling antibiotic resistance is everyones responsibility including you. In this example, the favorable trait is antibiotic resistance. Request pdf design of a socioscientific issue curriculum unit. Not all bacterial cells within a population arenot all bacterial cells within a population are identical like a population of humans, they. Students used different types of colored pencils representing various strains of bacteria to fill in a diagram of lungs in the lab manual. Bacteria grow and multiply fast and can reach large numbers.
Investigating the environmental dimension natural selection and antibiotic resistance in the microbial world, competition always occurs between organisms by way of producing antibiotic molecules to inhibit others from thriving. Oct 28, 2014 antibiotic resistance management is an attempt to slow the spread of resistance by the judicious use of antibiotics, an important aim of antibiotic stewardship programs. This activity is part of the on the cutting edge exemplary teaching activities collection. Evolution by natural selection bacterial resistance. We teach parents, kids and health care professionals how to use antibiotics wisely. By this mechanism, over time, a population evolves so that most organisms have the favorable trait. To show how populations of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics via the process of natural selection and human misuse overview. This lesson plan covers several topics found in the aqa, ocr, edexcel and wjec exam specification for alevel biology, human biology and related subjects.
Jul 18, 2008 the large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin. Students will be able to relate natural selection to current happenings antibiotic resistance, endangered species. Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population, and the suppression of others. Introduce the vocabulary associated with the lesson. If you are at home, you can do this activity alone. Oct 10, 2018 at present, the understanding of various drivers of antibiotic resistance is the key to addressing this global concern. When bacteria multiply, one cell divides into two cells. Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most pressing, global threats to public health.
Explain why standing trait variation, heritability, and a link to reproductive success are necessary for evolution by natural selection. About antibiotic resistance antibioticantimicrobial. The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin. If you look at the label on a container of hand sanitizer, youll see that it claims to kill 99.
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